What is the primary source of Giardia, which can be treated with anthelmintics?

The primary source of Giardia, a microscopic parasite that infects the intestines and causes giardiasis, is primarily associated with contaminated water supplies. Giardiasis is commonly contracted through drinking or coming into contact with water that has been contaminated with the feces of infected humans or animals. This includes not only drinking water but also water in recreational settings like lakes and rivers where fecal contamination may occur.

While contaminated food can also play a role in the transmission of Giardia, especially through direct contamination (unwashed vegetables or contaminated food handled by an infected person), the most significant and common route of infection remains through water sources. This is supported by numerous epidemiological studies that highlight water contamination as a major transmission pathway.

Uncooked meats are typically associated with other types of infections, such as those caused by different parasites (like certain helminths), and insects are not recognized as vectors for Giardia transmission. Therefore, focusing on water supplies is key to understanding how giardiasis is spread and managed effectively.